B U R E A U C R A C Y

ELEMENTS OF BUREAUCRACY:

1. DIFFERENTIATION

a. Division of Labour

b. Hierarchy of Authority

c. Separation of Home and Office

d. Separation of Personal and Professional Roles

2. INTEGRATION

a. Formal Rules and Regulations

b. Expectation of Full-time Employment

c. A Coordinating Administrative Staff

3. CONSTRAINT

a. Norm of Impersonality

b. Appointment According to Qualification

c. No Exploitation of Office

4. INCENTIVES

a. Tenure

b. Salary

c. Social Esteem

THE ANOMALIES OF THE WEBERIAN MODEL

A. FORMAL STRUCTURE

1. TRAINED INCAPACITY

a. Inflexible application of rules

2. PARKENSON'S LAW: WASTE MAKING

a. Empire Building

3. MICHELS' IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY

a. concentration of power in command

B. INFORMAL STRUCTURE

1. RATE-BUSTING

2. NEGOTIATED ORDER

a. Rule Bending

3. RITUALISM

a. Red Tape

C. ADMINISTATIVE DYSFUNCTIONS

1. PROTECTION OF THE INEPT

a. Tenure

2. THE PETER PRINCIPLE

a. Reaching a Level of Incompetence

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS:

1. Voluntary Associations

a. goal displacement => perpetuation

2. Coercive Organizations

a. total institutions

1.) mortification

3. Utilitarian Organizations

a. a combination of 1 & 2

 

DYNAMICS OF ORGANIZATIONS:

1. Internal Environment

a. recruitment

b. socialization

c. obediance to authority - Milgram's study

d. primary groups - Janowitz and Schils study of German P.O.W.'s

2. External Environment

a. interrelationsips - ecological relationships

3. Major sources of change

a. technological

b. professional

c. worker autonomy and control

1. ESOP's - employee stock ownership plans

d. small work groups

e. quality circles

MAX WEBER'S IDEAL TYPE

1. Mental Model

a. Ideal, not real

b. evaluation tool

c. verstehen